Means for the permanent waving of hair



March 14, 1950 w, MaoONALD ETAL 2,500,554

MEANS F OR THE PERMANENT WAVING 0F HAIR Filed Jan. 28. 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I Za/CDQlz/a ai @www Mardi 14, 1950 W. MaoDONALD ETAL 2,500,554

MENS FOR THE PERMANENT WAVING OF HAIR JM. lQ/c Dom ab La/Domi@ Patented Mar. 14, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MEANS 1FOR THE PERMANENT WAVING OF HAIR Application January 2.8, 1948, Serial No. 4,894l In Great Britain October 4, 1946 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires October 4, 1966 Claims.

This invention relates to means or devices for use in the socalled permanent waving of hair (which includes imparting a permanent set ior removing internal stress or curl) and is more particularly concerned with heat jacketing means of the kind employing electric current as the heat supplying medium or agent.

Various means or devices involving rigid containers or jackets wired with the electric heating resisten-ces are known, and a iiexible sachet containing chemicals which develop heat on the application of moisture and which is adapted to be folded or wrapped about the curler or mandrel is also known.

The present invention has for its object an irnproved heat applying device of the electric type which is light, and adapted to provide intimate enclosure of the hair upon the curlei` or mandrel when operating at low temperatures up to about 600 C., as employed in what may be termed a low temperature waving process or system carried out by the aid of special chemicals which enable a satisfactory waving treatment to be followed without the use of elevated temperature su-ch as employed in systems of permanent hair waving in use today. The invention is particularly suitable for use in carrying out the low temperature permanent hair waving processes as described in British PatentsI Nos. 453,700, 453,701, and 456 336.

The invention is applicable to treatments in which the hair is rolled upon the curler either from the root towards the point or Vice versa.

The invention consists in an electric heating device of the kind indicated comprising a pad or jacket of a foldable or flexible material embodying or containing flexible electrical resistance wiring and adapted to be folded or wrapped about a hair waving curler or mandrel, and preferably with releasable means for retaining the Ipad or jacket in the folded or wrapped position upon the curler or mandrel.

The invention also comprises a device as indicated in the preceding paragraph, wherein the pad is in the form of an envelope or flat bag and electrical resistance wiring is carried by or within a flexible support inserted in the envelope.

According to one form when the hair is wound on to the ciu'lers from root to point, the pad or jacket and the enclosed resistance support is recessed at one end to accommodate that part of a trees ofhair between the vwound portion and the roots.

The resistance wiring or convolutions thereof may be arranged or distributed in any suitable manner to give uniform heat over the length of (Cl. 2l9--24) wound hair or to prevent a temperature gradient towards either end of the curler or mandrel or either side of the heating pad, or the resistance wiring may be spaced or grouped to afford more heat in a certain locality (or localities) than elsewhere.

The pad or jacket may be moisture-proof flex'- iole material such as rubber sheet, rubberised cloth, a synthetic rubber sheet or cloth treated with synthetic rubber or a plastic impregnated fabric, Insulation. covered resistance wire may be employed or the resistance wire may be insulated by enclosing it between layers of insulating material.

Referring to the accompanying drawings:

Figure l is a perspective view of a heating pad or jacket constructed in accordance with the invention, the flap of vthe covering envelope being shown open and portions cut away to show the internal. construction;

Figure 2 is a side View of the pad or jacket ready for use;

Figure 3 is a side view of the resistance element of a heating pad or jacket;

Figure i is a side View of an alternative form of heating element;

'Figure 5 is a side view of an alternative form of heating pad or jacket embodying the heating element shown in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a heatpad in position upon a hair curler;

Figure 7 is an end view of the labove;

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a pad of the form shown in Figure 2 in position on a curler;

Figure 9 is a side view of a further modified forni oi heating element.

In carrying the invention into effect according to one convenient mode as described by way of example, a series of pads or jackets are manufactured each of Which comprises a flat bag of rectangular shape, say 2% inches by 1% inches, or 3% inches by 2 inches, although these dimensions are not limiting factors. The bag comprises an outer envelope l (Figure 1) of rubber or other iiexible material having a flap 2, Within which is a similar envelope 3 the flap 4 of which is sealed. Within this again an envelope of material lsuch as that known under the registered trade mark cellophane encloses the resistance element 6. As shown in greater detail in Figure 3, theV resistance element comprises two layers of cotton or other textile fabric which are placed together and stitched longitudinally as at 9 to form a row of parallel chanels through which the resistance wire 9 is threaded .in a series of loops, tothe ends of which the insulated leads Ill, il are attached. The element so formed enclosed within an envelope of cellophane or similar material as referred to above, the edges being adhesively secured. The flap 2 of the outer bag is tucked in as shown in Figure 2 and a pair of rubber bands I3 may be slipped lengthwise over the bag for additional security. The outer bag can thus be readily changed on becoming soiled or worn. lt should be noted that in Figure 1 the thickness of the pad is shown to an exaggerated scale for the sake of clearness.

An alternative form of heating pad or jacket is shown in Figures 4- and 5. The fabric bese i4 of the resistance element is provided with a recess I5 at one end and the resistance wiring I6 is stitched on to form three groups of convolutions so that more heat is afforded at the ends of the pad than at the central portion.

The element is enclosed within two bags of rubber or like material one within. the other as described in the previous example, each of which is provided with a recess i8 at one end as shown in Figure 5. The flap of the outer bag is tucked in and a rubber band I9 is applied lengthwise outside the bag. The purpose of the recess i8 is to accommodate that part of a trees of hair between the wound portion and the roots, and with a view to including the adjacent hair wound upon the end ofv the mandrel more conveniently within or under a part of the resistance, as will hereinafter be explained.

Another modified form of heating element is shown in Figure 9, the resistance wire beingr stitched on to a fabric base in the disposition illustrated, and enclosed in an envelope of cellulosic material as previously described. This arrangement is provided to prevent temperature gradients towards the sides of the heating pad which are found to occur in certain circumstances.

The heating pads or jackets with their contained resistances as described above may be manufactured and electrically connected in series to a common plug-in terminal or the like. Groups of four or more pads are suitable or a range of groups may be provided and individual pads may also be supplied for the purpose of making up any desired number according to the `number of tresses to be treated.

One method of applying the heating pad in the hair waving treatment is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7. The tress of hair 29 is passed through a rubber washer 2l and wound in the direction root to point upon any suitable form of curler 22. The hair may be covered by a sachet or impregnated cloth, or may be damped with a treating solution or mixture, and the damped or covered hair is then preferably enclosed in a thin flexible tube, envelope, or wrapping of anil suitable material, such as that known by the reg istered trade mark cellophane, or other suitn able thin plastic membrane. The pad or jacket 23, of the form shown in Figure 5, is then folded over the enclosed hair on the curler so that the two longer edges lie adjacent one another and the root part 24 of the tress occupies the recess I8 (Figure 5). In this position a clip 2E is applied over the curler and folded part of the pad to keep it in position and snugly press the folded part around the tress of hair. A suitable clip as illustrated is one of the hinge spring type such as employed for clipping papers together pro vided with semi-cylindrical or like embracing jaws 26 having rods 21 fixed thereto.

Having applied heating pads to al1 the curlers in the manner described above, current is switched on to the heating elements which may be plugged into sockets upon or carried by a master flexible lead or manifold extending from a variable transformer which may be supplied with current from any convenient mains source. The output side of the transformer may be provided with a limit switch and/or with a time switch device such that after the current has been switched on by the operator the current is cut off automatically after a predetermined time, according to that required for the permanent hair waving operation.

Alternatively there may be independent controls for certain of the heating pads or groups thereof so that a longer treatment may be given to certain of the hair tresses than others.

Another method of applying the heating pad where the waving is to be effected by rolling the hair from the point towards the root upon the curler is illustrated in Figure 8. The hair is wound upon a mandrel or curler 28 which may be of wood or other similar material, and is secured by a cord 29, the free end of which is anchored by being wedged in a slot 3l] at one end of the mandrel. The hair is then treated or damped, or a sachet or the like applied, and enclosed by a thin wrapping as previously described, after which a heating pad which may be of the form shown in Figure 2 is folded over the curler and secured by a clip 32, the heating current then being switched on as described.

It will be understood from a consideration of the foregoing examples that heating pads or jackets according to the invention may be applied to many different forms of hair curler.

Various forms of clip may be employed and if desired the jaw portions or other parts, excepting the spring. may be made of plastic material such as that known by the registered trade mark Bakelite Instead of providing a mechanical clip for the folded or wrapped heating pad, the pad may be provided with tie means, such as tapes, or the pad may be secured by an I elastic band or bands.

According to another alternative means for securing the jacket, an elastic band with a ring may be attached to the pad and a projection or hook arranged at the opposite end of the pad. After the pad has been folded over the curler the elastic band is stretched and the ring is slipped over the projection so that the pad is held in the folded position. In order to lend the jacket longitudinal stiffness against the action of the elastic band, the side or sides of the jacket may be reinforced with a stifening pad or member.

We claim:

l. An electrically heated hair waving device having the form of a :dexible sheet-like pad of elongated shape capable of being folded about a curled or wound tress of hair lying lengthwise of the pad to enclose the tress, and comprising a bag-like enclosure, a support for electrical resistance wiring disposed within said enclosure,

resistance wiring arranged in loops upon said support with the loops more closely spaced near the ends of said support so as to afford a greater warming effect at the ends of the pad, and the sheetdilie pad having at one end a recess open at one end and extending inwardly in the direction of the length thereof, the size of said recess being such that it can receive within it that part of a tress of hair between the curled or wound portion and the hair roots and thereby ensure that the wound part of the tress is completely enclosed within the uniformly heated region of the pad.

2. .An electrically heated hair waving device according to claim 1, comprising a pad of substantially rectangular form having a recess also of substantially rectangular form extending inwardly from one end thereof and with the sides of the recess substantially parallel with the longer sides of the pad.

3. An electrically heated hair waving device having the form of a exible sheet-like pad of elongated shape capable of being folded about a curled or Wound tress of hair lying lengthwise ci the pad to enclose said tress, and comprising a bag-like enclosure, a support for electrical resistance wiring disposed within said enclosure, resistance wiring arranged in loops upon said support with the loops more closely spaced near the ends of said support so as to afford a greater warming effect at the ends of the pad, the sheetlike pad having at one end a recess open at one end and extending inwardly from ythe end of the pad and between the longer sides. thereof, the resistance wiring being arranged so that it lies on at least one side of said recess, andthe size of the recess being such that it can receive within it that part of a tress of hair between the curled or wound portion and the hair roots and thereby ensure that the wound part of the tress is completely enclosed Within the uniformly heated region of the pad.

4. An electrically heated hair Waving device according to claim 3, in which the said recess lies nearer to one of the longer sides of the pad than to the other, and the resistance Wiring is arranged so that it lies at least on that side of the recess which is furthest from the said longer side.

5. An electrically heated hair Waving device according to claim 3, in which the resistance wiring is arranged so that it lies on both sides of the said recess to aord uniform heating of the wound or curled tress of hair in the neigh bourhood of the recess.

WILLIAM MACDONALD. HUGH MACDONALD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,595,272 Weathers Aug. 10, 1926 1,901,892 Bjorkrnan et al. Mar. 21, 1933 1,990,547' Jancke Feb. 12, 1935 2,003,830 Gilbert June 4, 1935 2,316,505 De Bry Apr. 13, 1943 2,323,478 Lobl July 6, 1943 2,379,580 Hendley July 3, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 119,094 Great Britain Sept. 20, 1918 365,601 Great Britain Jan. 21, 1932 101,298 Australia June' 9, 1937 

